-노라
nora
Grammar · 1 sense
Informal statement
Examples
이기고 돌아왔노라.
I have returned victorious.
그는 이기고 돌아왔노라고 말했다.
He said he had returned victorious.
우리는 어떠한 어려움에 부닥쳐도 명예를 지키겠노라 맹세하였다.
We swore that we would uphold our honor no matter what difficulties we faced.
When you'd hear it
This ending is literary and archaic-sounding, appearing in historical-style dialogue, dramatic narration, proclamations, vows, and sometimes deliberately grandiose or humorous speech. It is not natural in ordinary conversation or routine workplace Korean.
What learners get wrong
Learners may treat -노라 as an ordinary conversational equivalent of -다, but it gives a solemn, stylized tone. Before a reporting verb, the quoted form is -노라고, as in 돌아왔노라고 말했다.
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